Drug delivery via the buccal route using bioadhesive dosage forms offers such a novel route of drug administration via systemic drug delivery. The oral mucosa has a rich blood supply and it is relatively permeable. Buccal drug delivery across mucosal lining of the cheek offers a clear advantage over the peroral dosing route by avoidance of extensive first-pass metabolism and drug degradation in the harsh gastrointestinal environment can be circumvented by administering the drug via buccal route. Buccal route provides one of the potential routes for typically large, hydrophilic and unstable proteins, oligonucleotides and polysaccharides as well as conventional small drug molecules. This review article includes permeation through oral mucosa, overview of oral cavity, histology of mucosal layer, mucoadhesive mucosa interaction.. Theories of adhesion, method to study buccal adhesion, evaluation of buccal drug delivery includes surface pH study, permeation through buccal mucosa, mucoadhesive strength, and swelling index.
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